In our fertile valleys of the central region, kiwi production is experiencing a significant surge. This growth is driven by the increasing global demand for this fruit, known for its nutritional benefits and versatility in consumption. Chile has positioned itself as a key player in the international kiwi market, thanks to its favorable climate and its ability to produce during the counter-season of the northern hemisphere. However, the path to success is full of challenges, especially in the context of climate change.
Its surge and the search for new markets
Kiwi production in Chile is projected to reach 139,000 tons in the 2023-2024 season, representing a 7% increase compared to the previous year. This growth reflects the growing importance of Chilean kiwi in the global market. The COVID-19 pandemic boosted the demand for healthy products, and kiwi has greatly benefited from this trend, being a fruit rich in vitamin C, antioxidants, and fiber.
Carlos Cruzat, President of the Chilean Kiwi Fruit Committee, has stated that "probably between now and 2030 we'll go from 140,000 tons to 200 thousand tons, so we need to place those additional 60,000 tons in different markets." In that regard, Cruzat said that "placing those fruits means we have to go find space" in new markets.
Chile has adapted to these trends by expanding its plantations and improving cultivation practices. The shift towards yellow kiwis, which offer a sweeter taste and smoother texture compared to the green ones, has been particularly noteworthy. Currently, 50% of Chile's kiwi exports are of the yellow variety, and it is expected that this figure will increase to 75% in the coming years. However, this varietal change presents significant challenges. Only 1,650 hectares of new varieties have been planted in the last two decades, and just 200 of these hectares are currently productive.
Challenges of its cultivation
Despite the growth, the kiwi industry in Chile faces several challenges. Climate change is one of the most critical, directly affecting production. Adverse weather conditions, like frosts, are causing reduced sprouting and the drop of fertile shoots. Although some shoots have produced abundant flowers, a decrease of up to 14% in production is projected compared to the previous year due to these factors.
The kiwi, being a subtropical crop, thrives in temperate climates. However, spring frosts, which can occur right after plants start flowering, pose a significant risk. Temperatures dropping below -2°C can be devastating, damaging flowers and young shoots, which severely affects fruit production. These conditions not only compromise the current harvest but can also have long-term effects on the viability of the plantations.
In addition to frosts, other climatic phenomena like drought and heat waves also affect kiwi production in Chile. Water availability is a constant concern for farmers, as adequate irrigation is essential to maintain the health and productivity of the crops. Efficient water management and adaptation to variable climatic conditions are crucial for the future of the industry.
Strategies for frost control in Kiwis
To mitigate the risks associated with frosts, farmers are implementing various management strategies. One of the most effective is sprinkler irrigation with pulsators like the 205. This method allows efficient irrigation and frost control by using heat released during water freezing to protect the crops. However, it requires a reliable source of abundant water and permeable soil to avoid waterlogging issues. The amount of water needed varies depending on the rate of nocturnal temperature decrease in each region.
Another effective strategy is the use of wind towers. These towers mix warmer air from the thermal inversion layer with cooler air near the ground, helping to prevent frost damage. Wind towers like Antibrina 3-22 are a cost-effective, easy-to-install, and effective solution for protecting crops in different types of terrains.
Moreover, the proper choice of cultivation site is essential to minimize frost risks. Terrains with gentle slopes and good air circulation are preferable as they help prevent the accumulation of cold air in low areas and depressions.
Agrotechnologies, the keys to its Future
The kiwi sector in Chile is at a crossroads. Global demand presents a unique opportunity to grow and consolidate as a market leader, but internal challenges require bold and collaborative solutions. Farmers must continue adopting new technologies and innovative agricultural practices to overcome these obstacles.
Investment in research and development is essential to improve existing varieties and develop new ones that are more resistant to adverse weather conditions. Likewise, the use of climate monitoring and forecasting technologies can help farmers anticipate and mitigate the effects of extreme weather phenomena.
Ultimately, the ability to adapt to changing market and climate conditions will determine the long-term success of the kiwi industry in Chile. With careful planning and a proactive approach, Chilean producers are well-positioned to overcome these challenges and seize the opportunities offered by the international market.
Tierraverde, present at the next Kiwi Day
At Tierraverde, we are experts in developing climate control systems that the Kiwi specifically faces. That is why we will be present as sponsors at the next Kiwi Day, organized by our partner Red Agrícola, on August 20th at the Monticello Events Center. This conference will be a unique opportunity to delve into the state-of-the-art industry and, above all, its promising projections.
