In the agricultural world, September marks the transition from winter to spring, a crucial time for crops as it signifies the period of flowering and fruiting. When minimum temperatures unexpectedly plummet, the consequences can be devastating. This year, the threat of frosts in September intensifies due to the potential arrival of the La Niña phenomenon, which, according to experts, could generate colder than usual weather. Why are these late frosts so dangerous and what can be done to mitigate their effects?
Impact of the La Niña Phenomenon
La Niña, characterized by the cooling of Pacific waters, directly influences global climatic conditions. During its presence, minimum temperatures tend to be colder than normal, especially in the agricultural areas of the southern hemisphere. This increases the risk of frosts just as fruit crops and other plantations begin to awaken from their winter dormancy.
September frosts are particularly dangerous as they coincide with the critical phases of flowering and fruiting in many crops. For example, cherries, a fruit highly sensitive to cold, have their setting capacity affected when temperatures drop below -1.5°C. A frost at this stage can result in the total loss of a season's production. In crops like walnuts, the damage manifests in the abortion of pistillate flowers, directly affecting nut production.
Technological Tools to Mitigate Risk
At Tierraverde, we understand that adverse climatic conditions require precise and crop-specific solutions. Our key tools to combat frosts are:
Low-precipitation water sprinkler systems: We use cutting-edge technology with high-frequency, low-flow pulsating emitters, with rainfall around 1 mm per hour, such as the Pulsator 205™ and Pulsemax 360°. These systems disperse fine layers of water over the crops, with radii of 3.5 meters, forming a protective layer of ice that insulates and protects the plant from damage caused by extreme cold. Highly efficient, easy to install, and economically accessible, this alternative requires low water flow, making it a favorite among producers.
Anti-frost electric towers: We implement wind towers, such as the Torre eléctrica Antibrina 3-22, designed to mix the air layers in vineyards or orchards. These towers prevent the formation of stagnant cold layers near the ground that can damage young shoots and flowers. They are characterized by their low operational cost, low CO2 emissions, and reduced noise levels.
These solutions protect crops and optimize harvest yield, as evidenced by the analysis of buds before and after frost episodes, crucial aspects in areas where frosts represent a constant threat. Farmers using our products employ proven technologies to mitigate climatic risks and ensure the health of their plantations.
Proactive Management for Unpredictable Weather
The future of agricultural weather is uncertain, but adverse conditions will become more frequent. The key lies in proactive management and constant monitoring of weather conditions. Current technology allows farmers to anticipate extreme weather events, such as frosts or heat waves, a week in advance. This provides a critical window to take preventive measures, such as activating frost control systems or adjusting the strategies for applying cold compensators.
Ignoring these signals and failing to act can result in structural losses, both in terms of production and income. In a year with weather conditions as uncertain as 2024, the ability to adapt and use technology efficiently will make the difference between success and failure in agriculture.
September frosts represent a constant and increasingly common threat. With the right tools and strategies, it is possible to mitigate their impact and protect crops from the effects of climate change. Don’t fall behind and inquire about the best alternative for your crop.
