In the agricultural world, September marks the transition from winter to spring, a crucial time for crops as it signifies the period of flowering and fruiting. When minimum temperatures unexpectedly plummet, the consequences can be devastating. This year, the threat of frost in September is intensified by the potential arrival of the La Niña phenomenon, which, according to experts, could generate cooler than usual weather. Why are these late frosts so dangerous and what can be done to mitigate their effects?
Impact of the La Niña Phenomenon
La Niña, characterized by the cooling of Pacific waters, directly influences global climate conditions. During its presence, minimum temperatures tend to be colder than normal, especially in agricultural areas of the southern hemisphere. This increases the risk of frost just as fruit and other crops begin to awaken from their winter dormancy.
September frosts are particularly dangerous because they coincide with critical phases of flowering and fruiting in many crops. For example, cherry, a fruit very sensitive to cold, sees its setting capability affected when temperatures drop below -1.5°C. Frost at this stage can result in the total loss of a season's production. In crops such as walnut, the damage manifests in the abortion of pistillate flowers, directly affecting nut production.
Technological Tools to Mitigate Risk
At Tierraverde, we understand that adverse weather conditions require precise solutions adapted to each crop. Our key tools for combating frost include:
Low-precipitation water sprinkler systems: We utilize cutting-edge technology with high-frequency, low-flow pulsating emitters, with precipitation rates around 1 mm per hour, such as the Pulsator 205™ and Pulsemax 360°. These systems distribute fine layers of water over crops, with radii of 3.5 meters, forming a protective ice layer that insulates and protects the plant from damage caused by extreme cold. Highly efficient, easy to install, and economically accessible, this alternative requires low water flows, making it the preferred choice for producers.
Electric anti-frost towers: We implement wind towers, such as the Antibrina 3-22 Electric Tower, designed to mix air layers in vineyards or orchards. These towers prevent the formation of cold stagnant layers near the ground that can damage young shoots and flowers. They are characterized by low operating costs, low CO2 emissions, and reduced noise levels.
These solutions protect crops and optimize yield, as evidenced by bud analysis before and after frost episodes, crucial aspects in areas where frosts pose a constant threat. Farmers using our products employ proven technologies to mitigate climatic risks and ensure the health of their plantations.
Proactive Management for Unpredictable Weather
The future of agricultural climate is uncertain, but adverse conditions will become more frequent. The key lies in proactive management and constant monitoring of weather conditions. Current technology allows farmers to anticipate extreme weather events, such as frosts or heatwaves, a week in advance. This gives them a critical window to take preventive actions, such as activating frost control systems or adjusting strategies for applying cold compensators.
Ignoring these signals and failing to take action can result in structural losses, both in terms of production and income. In a year with climate conditions as uncertain as 2024, the ability to adapt and the efficient use of technology will make the difference between success and failure in agriculture.
September frosts represent a constant and increasingly common threat. With the right tools and strategies, it is possible to mitigate their impact and protect crops from the effects of climate change. Don't fall behind and inquire about the best alternative for your crop.
